This comprehensive report presents the results of a nationwide gap analysis and needs assessment conducted by the IAFC with support from the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). Drawing on feedback from more than 300 fire service and public safety professionals across 45 states, the assessment examines current capabilities and challenges in responding to hazardous materials rail incidents.

Key findings highlight progress made in training and readiness but also reveal critical obstacles, including limited funding, lack of awareness of available training, and gaps in collaborative planning with the railroads. Along with lessons learned from recent high-profile derailments, the report underscores the importance of commodity flow studies, interagency training, and alignment with national hazmat standards.

Practical recommendations are offered to strengthen preparedness, improve access to training, secure sustainable funding, and build stronger partnerships between emergency responders and the rail industry. This resource is an essential tool for leaders seeking to close capability gaps and ensure safer, more effective hazmat rail response in their communities.